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家庭生活教育是一種兼具預防功能與發展功能的社區教育，旨在提高市民大眾對家庭生活的重要性的認識，主要目標是預防家庭及社會問題、推廣和諧的人際關係，以及協助家庭發揮功能。在香港，家庭生活教育是社會福利署所提供的其中一項主要服務，自1979年起，社會福利署便聯同非政府機構提供此項服務。 |
香港中文大學研究中心於1975年發表了《青少年罪案社會成因研究報告》，報告指出，青少年犯罪行為與不愉快的家庭生活有密切關係，因此建議為家長和青年人提供家庭生活教育，作為預防青少年犯罪行為的其中一項措施，公眾人士於此時首次意識到有需要設立此項服務。依照報告的建議，社會福利署和非政府機構開始一起提供家庭生活教育。《青少年個人輔導社會工作計劃方案》於1977年發表，方案建議提供家庭生活教育及以有系統的方式為公眾人士提供服務。家庭生活教育籌備委員會於同年成立，並舉辦首個家庭生活教育宣傳運動。 政府於1979年4月發表《進入八十年代的社會福利白皮書》，當中概述政府擴展家庭生活教育服務的計劃，並申明政府和非政府機構在提供服務方面所擔當的角色。白皮書確認了政府的政策，由政府資助非政府機構在地區層面提供家庭生活教育服務，而社會福利署則負責服務的整體規劃、統籌和管理，以及籌辦全港性的家庭生活教育宣傳運動。家庭生活教育宣傳運動委員會隨後成立，負責籌辦兩年一度的全港性宣傳運動，以喚起公眾人士對家庭生活教育的重要性的關注，以及宣傳有關的服務。 為配合社會的需要，社會福利署於2000年委託香港大學就家庭服務進行檢討，「家庭服務檢討顧問研究」報告隨後於2001年完成，報告提出一站式的理念整合家庭服務，其中的建議包括將家庭生活教育融入相關的服務裏，為市民提供更有效的服務。根據顧問報告的建議，綜合家庭服務中心於2005年4月1日全面推行，其目的是以一站方式提供預防、支援及補救服務。現時，家庭生活教育分別透過綜合家庭服務中心及17個家庭生活教育服務單位，向巿民提供服務。 有見於家庭問題的惡化，社會福利署中央近年開始籌辦大型公眾教育宣傳運動，就當前家庭面對的困境制訂宣傳運動的主題，並透過一連串的活動，提高市民大眾對解決問題的意識及加強家庭的凝聚力，以預防家庭問題的發生。家庭生活教育宣傳運動委員會與該宣傳運動有共通的目標，為集結宣傳的力量，家庭生活教育宣傳運動委員會於2002年9月結束，其工作並已納入社會福利署中央的宣傳運動裏。 |
家庭是協助個人融入社會和培育個人成長的主要媒介，健全的家庭對個人身心的健康發展也有重大的影響。一個穩定而進步的社會，正是由在愉快的家庭環境中成長、身心健康並且富責任感的個人組成。這就是提供家庭生活教育服務背後的基本理念。 香港社會的急劇變化對家庭的結構和功能帶來很大的影響。鑑於婚姻破裂、單親家庭和青少年的問題日趨嚴重，故此有需要為個人和家庭提供更多協助，以幫助他們適應急速的社會發展及變化。 |
1. 幫助家庭履行每個發展階段的不同任務、適應改變及應付特別需要
和壓力，以提高家庭的功能。
2. 增加家庭成員的自我了解、幫助他們與家人培養和諧的關係，並協
助他們履行在家庭中的角色和責任，以鞏固家庭關係。
3. 向個人灌輸有用的知識和技能，以應付角色的轉變和生活上的種種
需求，並培養對家庭的責任的正確態度，以預防家庭破裂。 |
家庭生活教育主要是透過講座、研討會、展覽、工作坊、技巧訓練及大眾傳媒節目等，向公眾人士灌輸有關個人與家庭的發展過程的正確知識、技巧和態度，服務內容包括：
1. 個人的基本需要、成長和行為，例如：每個成長階段的生理、社交
和心理特點。
2. 不同角色與人際關係，例如：婚姻關係、親子關係、父母之道和人
際交往。
3. 性教育及與性有關的責任，例如：兩性的分別、對性的態度、生育
問題和家庭計劃。
4. 家務處理及健康教育，例如：制訂家庭收支預算、家居安全和精神
健康。 |
當家庭生活教育服務於1979年首次推出時，服務對象是全港的市民。及後「跨越九十年代香港社會福利白皮書」把服務對象定為10至50歲的人士。而在1994年年初，家庭生活教育服務經過調整服務重心後，把已婚夫婦納入主要服務對象之內。現時家庭生活教育的主要服務對象包括：
1. 青少年
2. 準婚人士
3. 準父母
4. 已婚夫婦
5. 家長
除了以上5個主要服務對象外，近年家庭生活教育亦開始為一些面臨危機的人士和家庭提供服務，以配合社會的需要。 |
家庭生活教育工作者透過籌辦節目和活動，為公眾人士提供家庭生活教育服務。在推行策略方面，本港大致採用推廣性和教育性的策略。
1. 推廣性策略的目的，是通過大眾傳播媒介、推廣節目及其他宣傳的
手法，建立公眾人士對家庭生活教育的關注，向公眾解釋家庭生活
教育的性質和目的，以及提高公眾對此項服務的興趣。
2. 教育性策略旨在協助個人掌握有用的知識和技巧，以處理在家庭發
展的不同階段內所遇到的家庭事務和問題。這類教育工作通常以講
座、工作坊、訓練課程、家庭營和小組活動等形式進行。 |
社會福利署透過以下機制，在中央及地區層面規劃、統籌和推行家庭生活教育服務：
1. 社會福利署 社會福利署家庭及兒童福利科負責家庭生活教育服務的整體規劃、統籌和監察工作。
2. 社會福利署家庭生活教育資料中心 社會福利署於1979年成立家庭生活教育資料中心，主要的工作是發展視聽教材，並藉著外借資源項目，協助非牟利社會服務機構籌辦家庭生活教育活動。此外，家庭生活教育資料中心亦會透過大眾傳媒(如協調社工撰寫報章雜誌專欄)、管理家庭生活教育網頁(www.family-land.org)、印製家庭生活教育小冊子/單張和其他宣傳資料等，向市民大眾推廣家庭生活教育。
3. 家庭生活教育資源發展工作小組 工作小組由社會福利署、衞生署、家庭計劃指導會、非政府機構及大專院校的代表組成。工作小組滙集有關範疇的前線經驗及專業知識，就家庭生活教育資源的發展，以及家庭生活教育的推廣策略，向家庭生活教育資料中心提供意見。
4. 家庭及兒童福利服務協調委員會 協調委員會負責在地區層面統籌有關家庭及兒童福利的服務，其中包括家庭生活教育的服務。目前，社會福利署轄下的11個行政區內，共設有11個家庭及兒童福利服務協調委員會，作為地區與中央之間的聯繫橋樑。
5. 服務評估
a. 服務成果統計 社會福利署會每季收集有關活動數目、活動種類及各類參加者人數
的統計數字，以作評估服務之用。
b. 服務監察 社會福利署的服務表現事務組負責監察非政府機構所提供的家庭生
活教育服務，以確保所提供的服務符合津貼及服務協議所訂的標準
和政策目標。
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| Family life education (FLE) is a form of community education, both preventive and developmental in nature, intended to arouse the awareness of the public on the importance of family life. The main objectives are to prevent family and social problems, to promote harmonious human relationship and to help families function effectively. In Hong Kong, FLE is one of the major services rendered by the Social Welfare Department (SWD) in conjunction with non-governmental organizations since 1979. |
The public of Hong Kong first became aware of the need of the service in 1975 when a report on "Social Causes of Violent Crime Among Young Offenders in Hong Kong" was released by the Research Centre of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. The report indicated that there was a close relationship between unfavourable family life and juvenile delinquency and hence recommended the provision of FLE to parents and young people as one of the preventive measures to the problem. Following the recommendation of the report, SWD and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) began to make joint effort to provide FLE. The "Program Plan on Personal Social Work Among Young People" published in 1977 put up the proposal to provide FLE and recommended a systematic approach in the provision of the service to the public. The Preparatory Committee of FLE was formed and the first FLE publicity campaign was launched in the same year.
In April 1979, the White Paper on "Social Welfare into 1980s" outlined Government's plan to expand FLE service and stated the role of Government and the voluntary sector in the provision of the service. It affirmed the policy of subsidizing NGOs to provide FLE service at district level while the SWD was responsible for the overall planning, coordination and administration of the service, and the organization of territory-wide publicity campaigns on FLE. "The Committee on FLE Publicity Campaign" was later formed to launch territory-wide publicity campaigns biennially to promote public awareness on the importance of FLE and the concerned services.
To meet the needs of the society, SWD commissioned the University of Hong Kong to conduct a consultancy study on the review of family service in 2000. Subsequently, "The Consultancy Report on Family Service Review" was completed in 2001. The study proposed the concept of "one-stop " service to revamp family services and FLE was recommended to integrate with related family services in order to enhance the effectiveness of the service. In accordance with the recommendation of the Consultancy Report, "Integrated Family Service Centre" which provided one-stop service comprising preventive, supportive and remedial services was implemented on 1.4.2005. At present, the service of FLE is delivered to the public respectively through integrated family service cnetres and 17 FLE units.
Due to the increase of family problem, SWD in recent years has started to organize large-scale public education campaign annually on a specific theme to echo the adversities faced by families. The campaign aims to prevent family problems through the increase of public awareness on the problem and the enhancement of family solidarity. As it shares the same goal with the Committee on FLE Publicity Campaign, the latter was dissolved in September 2002 when its publicity work was merged in the publicity campaign headed by SWD.
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The basic philosophy in providing FLE Service arises from the recognition that family is the primary socializing agent through which an individual grows into adulthood, and that the integrity of the family has significant effect on the healthy development of individuals, both physically and mentally. A stable and progressive society is composed of such healthy and responsible individuals who are nurtured and brought up in happy families.
The rapid social changes in Hong Kong have greatly affected the structure and functions of families. In view of the increasing number of marriage breakdown, single-parent families, and youth problems, it is considered necessary to put greater effort to help individuals and families adjust themselves in the wake of a rapidly developing community.
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1. To enhance family functioning by helping the families fulfil the
developmental tasks at different stages of the family life cycle,
adapt to changes and cope with special needs and stresses.
2. To strengthen family relationship by enhancing family members'
self-understanding, helping them foster harmonious
relationships with different members in the family, and
assisting them to fulfil their roles and responsibilities.
3. To prevent family breakdown by equipping individuals with the
knowledge and skills in coping with changing roles and
demands in life, and developing a proper attitude
towards their responsibilities in family.
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FLE is targeted at imparting proper knowledge, skills and attitude to the public concerning the developmental paths of the individual and his family in the form of talks, seminars, exhibitions, workshops, skill training and mass media programmes etc. The programmes in general cover the following contents:-
1. basic human needs, growth and behaviour, e.g. physical, social and psychological characteristics of each developmental stage;
2. human roles and relationships, e.g. marital relationship, parent-child relationship, parenthood and friendship;
3. sex education and responsibility in sex, e.g. difference between the two sex, attitude towards sex, human reproduction and family planning; and
4. home management and health education, e.g. family budgeting, home safety and mental health. |
The whole population was considered the target of FLE service when the service was first introduced in 1979. The White Paper on Social Welfare into the 1990s and Beyond later specified the age range of service recipients to be between 10 and 50 years old. After the refocusing of FLE service in early 1994, married couples have been included as one of the principal target groups of the service. At present, the principal target groups of FLE are :-
1. Adolescents
2. Couples-to-be
3. Parents-to-be
4. Married couples
5. Parents
Apart from the above 5 principal target groups, FLE has also started to serve those people/family at risk to meet the needs of the society.
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FLE service is delivered to the public through programmes and activities organized by FLE workers. Two broad strategies are commonly employed in the delivery of FLE service in Hong Kong, namely promotional strategies and educational strategies.
1. The purpose of promotional strategies is to cultivate public awareness, to convey to the public "what is" and "why" there is family life education and to arouse their interest in the service through the mass media, promotional programmes and other means of publicity.
2. Educational strategies aim at helping individuals acquire knowledge and skill in handling family affairs and problems at different stages of the family life. These usually take the form of lectures, workshops, training courses, family camps and group activities.
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The planning, coordination and implementation of FLE Service are operating at both central and district levels through the following mechanism:
1. SWD The Family and Child Welfare Branch of SWD is responsible for the overall planning, coordination and monitoring of the service.
2. SWD Family Life Education Resource Centre (FLERC) FLERC was set up by SWD in 1979. Its main function is to support non-profit-making social service organizations to organize FLE programmes through the development and lending of audio-visual resource materials. In addition, FLERC will promote FLE to the public through the mass media(such as the coordination of FLE workers to write feature articles in newspapers and magazines), the management of FLE Web(www.family-land.org), the publication of FLE booklets, leaflets and other related publicity materials.
3. Working Group on FLE Resource Development The Working Group is set up to give advice to FLERC on the development of FLE resource materials and to formulate publicity strategies for the promotion of FLE. Members of the Working Group include representatives from SWD, Department of Health, Family Planning Association of Hong Kong, NGOs and tertiary institutes in order to tap front-line experience and expert knowledge from relevant fields.
4. District Coordinating Committees on Family and Child Welfare
Services The District Coordinating Committees are established to coordinate services at district level and to serve as a link with the central level on matters relating to family and child welfare service including family life education. At present, there are 11 District Coordinating Committees formed in 11 SWD administrative districts.
5. Service Evaluation
a. Statistics on Service Output
SWD collects statistics indicating the number and type of
programmes organized and the respective number of
persons served on a quarterly basis for service assessment.
b. Service Monitoring
The Service Performance Section of SWD is responsible
for monitoring the FLE service provided by NGOs. The
monitoring system ensures the services are provided in
accordance with the agreed standard and policy objectives
under the Funding and Service Agreement.
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